Archer, W. G. (William George), 1907-1979. The hill of flutes: life, love, and poetry in tribal India : a portrait of the Santals

Table of Contents

Publication Information

Chapter I The Santals

I The Santal Village

2 Santals And The Tribe

3 The Santal World View

Chapter Ii Early Years

1 Birth

2 Games

3 Riddles

4 Proverbs

5 Manners

6 Prohibitions

7 The Onset Of Adolescence

Chapter Iii Induction To The Tribe

1 The Caco Chatiar Ceremony

2 The Myth Of The Bastard

3 ‘the Corrupt Land’

4 The Removal Of Pollution

5 Graduation

Chapter Iv Social Dances

I Lagre

2 Dahar

3 Golwari

4 The Dasae Plays

Chapter V The Rules Of Sex

1 Romance Before Marriage

2 Language And Behaviour

3 Conventions Of Meeting

4 Bahonharea And Ajhnarea

5 Rules For Eating

6 Incest And Integrity

7 ‘flower’ Friendships

8 Sex And Privacy

9 Sanctions: Pante Begar

10 Sanctions: Bitlaha

11 The Significance Of Bitlaha

Chapter Vi The Village Lover

I The Village Scene

2 Standards Of Charm

3 The Winning Of A Lover

4 Assignations

Chapter Vii Beyond The Village

1 Introduction

2 The Hook-swinging Festival

3 The Umbrella Festival

4 Kali And Durga Puja

5 Fairs And Markets

Chapter Viii Conflict With The Parents

1 The End Of Romance

2 Elopement

3 Marriage By Discovery

4 Marriage By Capture

5 Marriage By Intrusion

6 The Forced Wedding

Chapter Ix Accidents

I Theories Of Conception

2 Abortion

3 The Pregnant Bride

4 The Unmarried Mother And The Known Father

5 The Unknown Father And The Bought Husband

6 The Bought Father

7 The Multiple Lover

8 Infanticide

9 The Village Father

Chapter X Marriage And The Family

I Betrothal

2 The Wedding Ceremony

3 Wedding Songs

Chapter Xi Outlets After Marriage The Sohrae Festival

Chapter Xii Breakdown And Divorce

Chapter Xiii Santals And Sex

1 The Primary Characters

2 The Right True End

3 The Poetry Of Sex

Chapter Xiv Marriage And Fertility The Baha Festival

Chapter Xv Marriage And Fertility: The Jiwet’ Karam

1 The Installation Of The Karam Tree

2 How The World Began

3 Sex And Incest

4 The Origin Of Karam

5 The Karam Dances

6 The Consignment To Water

Chapter Xvi The Wanted Child

1 Impotence And Sterility

2 Adoption

Chapter Xvii The Bonga Lover

Chapter Xviii Woman As Witch

I The Causes Of Disease

2 Witches And Their Powers

Chapter Xix The Annual Hunt

I Preliminaries

2 The Hunting Night’s Entertainments

3 The Release Of Repressions

Chapter Xx Death And Society

I The Funeral Ceremonies

3 The Mora Karam

4 The Dismissal Of The Dead

Notes And Comments

Publication Information

Paragraph Subjects (OCM)

Publication Information The main body of the Publication Information page contains all the metadata that HRAF holds for that document.

Author: Author's name as listed in Library of Congress records

Title: The hill of flutes: life, love, and poetry in tribal India : a portrait of the Santals

Published By: Original publisher Pittsburgh: University of Pittsburgh Press. 1974. 375 p., plates ill.

By line: Author's name as appearing in the actual publication W. G. Archer

HRAF Publication Information: New Haven, Conn.: Human Relations Area Files, 1998. Computer File

Culture: Culture name from the Outline of World Cultures (OWC) with the alphanumberic OWC identifier in parenthesis. Santal (AW42)

Subjects: Document-level OCM identifiers given by the anthropology subject indexers at HRAF Hunting and trapping (224); Music (533); Literary texts (539); Nuptials (585); Sorcery (754); Mourning (765); Premarital sex relations (836); Abortion and infanticide (847);

Abstract: Brief abstract written by HRAF anthropologists who have done the subject indexing for the document This book presents a wide variety of ethnographic topics dealing with the Santals of the Santal Parganas District, Bihar, India, during the period of 1942-1946 while the author was serving as Deputy Commissioner of the district. The study deviates somewhat from traditional monographs in that it does not deal with the material culture aspects or modes of production of the people, nor does it provide information on the range and dimensions of culture contact. The overall focus of this work is on certain aspects of Santal life such as life-cycle ceremonies and festivals, sex, and love. The study begins with a description of the ideal village, the clan system, and the world of spirits (BONGAS), followed by a portrayal of life-cycle events (birth, childhood, adolescence, and death), social dances, marriage and fertility, sorcery, religion, and the annual hunt. Special emphasis in the document is on Santal poetry and songs found interspersed throughout the text, many of which are highly erotic in nature.

Document Number: HRAF's in-house numbering system derived from the processing order of documents 6

Document ID: HRAF's unique document identifier. The first part is the OWC identifier and the second part is the document number in three digits. aw42-006

Document Type: May include journal articles, essays, collections of essays, monographs or chapters/parts of monographs. Monograph

Language: Language that the document is written in English

Note: Includes bibliographical references (p. 354-358) and indexes

Field Date: The date the researcher conducted the fieldwork or archival research that produced the document 1942-1946

Evaluation: In this alphanumeric code, the first part designates the type of person writing the document, e.g. Ethnographer, Missionary, Archaeologist, Folklorist, Linguist, Indigene, and so on. The second part is a ranking done by HRAF anthropologists based on the strength of the source material on a scale of 1 to 5, as follows: 1 - poor; 2 - fair; 3 - good, useful data, but not uniformly excellent; 4 - excellent secondary data; 5 - excellent primary data Government Official-5

Analyst: The HRAF anthropologist who subject indexed the document and prepared other materials for the eHRAF culture/tradition collection. John Beierle ; 1996

Coverage Date: The date or dates that the information in the document pertains to (often not the same as the field date). 1942-1946

Coverage Place: Location of the research culture or tradition (often a smaller unit such as a band, community, or archaeological site) Santal Parganas District, Bihar, India

LCSH: Library of Congress Subject Headings Santal (South Asian people)

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